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\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u56de\u7b54\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b66\u8005\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01(Augustinus\uff0cA.354\u2014430)\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u6982\u8fd8\u77e5\u9053\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u8c1b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5eb7\u5fb7(Immannuel Kant\uff0c1724\u20141804)\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c1\u6027\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201d\u7ebd\u66fc(John Henry Newman\uff0c1801\u20141890)\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5021\u5bfc\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\u300b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u8bbe\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u201d
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\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7236\u96c5\u514b•\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe(J•Jaques Derrida\uff0c1930\u2014\u20142004)\u66fe\u6709\u7cbe\u8f9f\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6216\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f•\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc(Milton Friedman\uff0c1912\u20142004)\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5238\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u6295\u8d44\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ecf\u8425\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u201d
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\u3000\u3000\u6211\u56fd\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u4f53\u897f\u7528\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u79fb\u690d\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8eaf\u58f3\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u2014\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u6279\u5224\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u4f53\u897f\u7528\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u901a\u624d(\u7535\u7ebf\u6746\u5f0f\u7684)\u4e0e\u4e13\u624d(\u5b9d\u5854\u5f0f\u7684)\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e89\u8bba\u5df2\u670950\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5b66\u4e60\u82cf\u8054\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u5212\u5206\u592a\u7ec6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9762\u592a\u7a84\uff0c\u96be\u4e8e\u9002\u5e94\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4e8e\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766(Albert Einstein\uff0c1879\u20141955)\u66fe\u660e\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5b66\u6821\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u201d\u6211\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u8457\u540d\u56fd\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u94b1\u7a46(1895\u20141990)\u5148\u751f\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u65e5\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9700\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u4eba\u5c24\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u667a\u8bc6\u4f20\u6388\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u671b\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u671b\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u4eba\u3002\u592b\u901a\u65b9\u4e4b\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e13\u95e8\uff0c\u4e3a\u667a\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e24\u9014\uff0c\u672c\u96be\u8f69\u8f7e\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u30002006\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u603b\u7406\u5230\u533b\u9662\u63a2\u671b\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5f81\u6c42\u4ed6\u5bf9\u201c\u5341\u4e00\u4e94\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u94b1\u8001\u5374\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u63b7\u5730\u6709\u58f0\u7684\u5efa\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u57f9\u517b\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u65b0\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53bb\u529e\u5b66\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8001\u662f\u5192\u4e0d\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u94b1\u5148\u751f\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0a\u6211\u6700\u5fe7\u8651\u7684\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8a00\u53d1\u8868\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u54cd\u30022007\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u603b\u7406\u5728\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u61c2\u94b1\u5148\u751f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6e29\u5bb6\u5b9d\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u94b1\u5148\u751f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u542c\u4e86\u94b1\u8001\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u57f9\u517b\u4e0d\u51fa\u5927\u5e08\uff1f\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u94b1\u5148\u751f\u7684\u5efa\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u521b\u9020\u6027\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u5927\u5e08\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6709\u5929\u5206\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5404\u79cd\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u6f5c\u5fc3\u6cbb\u5b66\uff0c\u7a77\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002
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